ysl formation | ysl in zebrafish ysl formation During E-YSL actin ring formation, actin and myosin were observed to flow upward from more vegetal regions of the YSL toward the EVL margin. Actomyosin flow increased from 40% epiboly (0.3 µm/min) reaching a maximal . 120 HP
0 · ysl in zebrafish
1 · ysl germination
2 · ysl cell press
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The yolk syncytial layer (YSL) plays crucial roles in early zebrafish development. . We show that disruption of components of the cytoskeleton induces the formation . Our data suggest a model of YSL formation involving specific attenuation of . Our data demonstrate a signaling pathway regulating YSL formation in which .
During E-YSL actin ring formation, actin and myosin were observed to flow upward from more vegetal regions of the YSL toward the EVL margin. Actomyosin flow increased from 40% epiboly (0.3 µm/min) reaching a maximal .the YSL has attracted the attention of more fish biologists than ever before and has become .
The YSL is a multinucleate layer of nonyolky cytoplasm underlying the cellular . It is shown that RNA in the YSL is required for the formation of ventrolateral .Cross-sectionsrepresenting different stagesof YSL formation. Animal pole is to the top. YCL, yolk cytoplasmiclayer;YSL, yolk syncytial layer; iYSL, internal yolk syncytial layer; eYSL, external yolk syncytial layer. (a) At the midblastula transition (MBT; .Our data demonstrate a signaling pathway regulating YSL formation in which Slc3a2 inhibits the RhoA/ROCK pathway via phosphorylation of c-Src to modulate YSL microtubule dynamics. This work illuminates processes at a very early stage of zebrafish embryogenesis and more generally informs the mechanism of cell dynamics during syncytium formation.
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ysl in zebrafish
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The yolk syncytial layer (YSL) performs multiple critical roles during zebrafish development. However, little is known about the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie the formation of .
Strikingly, though Nanog has roles in YSL formation and in the equivalent mouse tissue, mechanistically these roles appear divergent since Nanog appears to non-autonomously control mouse primitive endoderm formation [25, 26] while zebrafish YSL formation is cell autonomously controlled via Mxtx2, which lacks a close mammalian homolog .
Figure 1. Formation and structure of the YSL. Cross-sections representing different stages of YSL formation. Animal pole is to the top. YCL, yolk cytoplasmic layer; YSL, yolk syncytial layer; iYSL, internal yolk syncytial layer; eYSL, external yolk syncytial layer. (a) At the midblastula transition (MBT; 2.75 hpf), the YSL forms by the collapse/fusion of marginal .
ysl germination
ysl cell press
The formation of YSL was reported in Ctenolabrus spp. 21, then described in Serranus alranus 22 and more recently described in trout 23, zebrafish 24, Fundulus heteroclitus 25, sea bass, sea bream . The yolk syncytial layer (YSL) in the zebrafish embryo is a multinucleated syncytium essential for embryo development, but the molecular mechanisms underlying YSL formation remain largely unknown. Here we show that zebrafish solute carrier family 3 member 2 (Slc3a2) is expressed specifically in the .
Our study suggests that in zebrafish Nanog-like regulates YSL formation through a cell-autonomous mechanism. While the YSL and primitive endoderm share similar gene expression and both function as the signaling center that patterns the head mesoderm and endoderm, the regulation mechanism involving their formation is different. .
Fengzhu Xiong, Ian Swinburne, Sean Megason (Harvard Medical School)Yolk syncytial layer(YSL) is an important structure in early zebrafish embryos that contro.
In the absence of Nanog, YSL formation and epiboly are abnormal, embryonic tissue detaches from the yolk, and the expression of dozens of YSL and embryonic genes is reduced. Epiboly defects can be rescued by generating chimeric embryos of MZnanog embryonic tissue with wild-type vegetal tissue that includes the YSL and yolk cell. Notably, cells .Dye coupling and cell lineages of blastomeres that participate in the formation of the yolk syncytial layer (YSL) in the zebrafish Brachydanio rerio have been examined. The YSL is a multinucleate layer of nonyolky cytoplasm underlying the cellular blastoderm at . Yves Saint Laurent, a resounding name in the fashion world, is more than just a brand; it is a symbol of creativity, innovation and luxury lifestyle. The history of YSL's formation and development not only tells the journey of a talented designer but also reflects the big picture of culture, society and fashion over many.
YSL formation is temporally correlated with the initiation of zygotic transcription at the tenth division (Kane and Kimmel. 1993). Figure 1. Open in figure viewer PowerPoint. Schematics and live images of zebrafish epiboly. Schematic with timeline (A–E) and live (F–J) images of embryos at representative stages of epiboly in lateral view .By submitting this form, I agree to receiving recurring promotional and personalized marketing text messages (e.g. cart reminders) to the mobile number provided from YSL Beauty using automated means (including for the selection or dialing of a telephone number) and to the Mobile Terms (which include an arbitration provision to resolve disputes). I confirm I am a US Consumer, . The YSL formation is a good indicator for the embryonic staging of the blastula period in Japanese anchovy, as reported in other species. Because of the transparent body, the somites are difficult to determine during epiboly. The earliest somite observed here was in the 9-somite stage at 90% epiboly. Some of the embryos were hatched at 23 h 45 .
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YSL formation is prolonged. From the late blastula stage, the basal surface of the YSL is uneven and has protuberances, but becomes smoother during development. There are syncytial ‘islands’ with 1–2 yolk syncytial nuclei in the yolk mass. During epiboly, gastrulation and early segmentation, loach YSL is of different thickness in .It is noteworthy that the onset of YSL formation coincides with morphological changes in the blastodisc itself. At stage 7 (Figs. 1G, 3A), the blastodisc has a high and spherical shape, whereas .
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In an effort to understand the role of Nanog in early zebrafish development, we identified the zebrafish nanog ortholog and found that it is required for YSL development. Knockdown of nanog-like eliminates ventrolateral Nodal signaling, resulting in an absence of ventrolateral endoderm formation. By microarray analysis, we found that nanog-like mophants do not express genes .
To address this question, we established an ex vivo system to culture zebrafish blastoderm tissue explants lacking the yolk cell and its associated YSL. For this, blastoderm explants were prepared from embryos at early cleavage stages (256 cell stage), before YSL formation or germ layer induction, and kept in serum-free medium until stage-matched control . Thick arrays of microtubules extend from the YSL toward the yolk along the animal–vegetal axis; disrupting these arrays by microtubule depolymerizing reagents or UV irradiation causes premature YSL formation and altered YSL organization (Fig. S3) (7–9). We therefore examined the microtubules in the YSL by α-tubulin antibody staining. The formation of the YSL in teleost fishes was first noted by Agassiz and Whitman in the Goldsinny (Ctenolabrus) [18], and described in more detail by Wilson in the Serranidae family [19].More recently, the function of the YSL has been studied in the killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) [20] and in zebrafish (Danio rerio) [21].The formation of the YSL can be traced back to late .
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ysl formation|ysl in zebrafish
